Katiba ya Zanzibar ni kituko cha kisheria

Lord Diplock MR · 2016-05-06T06:30:24+00:00

Katiba ya Zanzibar ya mwaka 1984 kama ilivyofanyiwa marekebisho mwaka 2010 Kwa kuwa na ibara ya 1 inayosema Zanzibar ni nchi Kwa maana ya Taifa kamili ni wazi kuwa katiba ya Zanzibar haiutambui muungano, na ni mojawapo wa kero za muungano huku leo tukiwa tunatimiza miaka 52 ya muungano wetu. Kwa mujibu Wa Montevideo Convention on the rights and duties of states ya mwaka 1933 ibara ya kwanza inatoa Sifa ya nchi Kwa maana ya Taifa kamili kuwa lazima muwe na vitu vinne navyo ni: POPULATION Kipengele hiki kinahusisha uwepo wa watu wa nchi husika! GOVERNMENT Nchi lazima iwe na serikali yake itakayo watawala watu wake, TERRITORY Nchi lazima iwe na eneo la ardhi na miaka inayotambulika. SOVEREIGNTY. Haya ni mamlaka ya nchi ndani na nje ya nchi, hapa inahusisha mamlaka ya nchi kuingia katika mikataba na ushirikiano na mataifa mengine. Pia mamlaka ya juu ya mambo yake yenyewe! Ukiangalia Sifa hizo hapo juu Zanzibar haiwezi kuwa nchi Kwa sababu inakosa kitu kinachoitwa Sovereignty ambapo Zanzibar haina mamlaka ya mwisho juu yake yenyewe mamlaka ipo juu ya jamhuri ya muungano Kwa mfano Zanzibar haiwezi kujiamulia kuingia katika vita na nchi nyingine. Zanzibar haiwezi kuamua kujiingilia katika mkataba na nchi yoyote bila ridhaa ya jamhuri. Kutokana na maelezo hayo hapo juu Zanzibar haiwezi kuwa nchi na kujitaja kama nchi ni kuikataa muungano. Nachelea kusema walioandika katiba ya Zanzibar ama hawajui Sheria au waliandika hivyo Kwa matakwa ya kisiasa Kwa sababu mwanasheria yeyote yule anajua kuwa Zanzibar siyo nchi na ndiyo maana mwanasheria Mizengo Pinda alipoulizwa bungeni kuwa Zanzibar ni nchi au siyo nchi? Mwanasheria Pinda alijibu kisheria kwamba Zanzibar siyo nchi, japo wabunge Wa Zanzibar Kwa kutokujua kwao sheria walikuwa juu Pia unaweza kurejea kesi ya S.M.Z vs Machano khamis Ali and 17 others, Kesi hii ilikuwa inahusu uhaini ambapo watuhumiwa 18 walishitakiwa kwa kosa la uhaini la kutaka kumuua Rais wa Zanzibar. Mahakama ya Rufani ikitoa hukumu ya kesi hiyo ilisema kutaka kumuua au kumuua Rais wa Zanzibar hakuwezi kuwa uhaini kwani uhaini huwa dhidi ya nchi (state) Zanzibar siyo nchi hivyo kutaka au kumuua Rais wa Zanzibar ni sawa na kutaka kumuua mtu mwingine yeyote wa kawaida! Unaweza soma kesi yote hapa chini; S.M.Z. v. Machano Khamis Ali and 17 Others. Court of Appeal, November 21, 2000, Criminal Application No. 8 of 2000 Facts and Issues This was an appeal by the accused against the decision of the learned Chief Justice of Zanzibar sitting as the High Court of Zanzibar to the effect that the offence of treason could be committed against the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar. Before delivery of this appeal decision, the Registrar released the accused from custody following the entry of the nolle prosequi by the Prosecution. However the decision by the High Court that raised grave constitutional issues was left intact and hence this revision under S. 4(3) of the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1979 as amended by Act No. 17 of 1993. The eighteen accused persons were charged with treason c/s 26 of the Penal Code. The litigation was protracted and finally landed into the High Court of Zanzibar. After amendment of the charge, which was initially defective, the accused raised among other issues the preliminary issue that the charge of treason against the authority in the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar (Serikali ya Mapinduzi ya Zanzibar S.M.Z.) was not maintainable as Zanzibar was not a sovereign state. Held : 1. On an indictment for treason, the following matters have to be proved, that the act was treasonable, that the act is against a sovereign or state, and that the act was done by person who owes allegiance to the sovereign or state. 2. For a state to exist, there must be a people, a country in which people have settled down, a government i.e. a person or persons who are the representatives of the people who rule according to the law of the land, and that government must be sovereign. 3. Sovereignty has dual aspects of internally of relating to the power to make and enforce laws and externally to freedom from outside control. The United Republic of Tanzania is one country and one state. The International persons called Tanganyika and Zanzibar ceased to exist as from April 26, 1964 because of the Articles of Union and surrendered their treaty making powers to a new International person called the United Republic of Tanzania. A nation cannot indefinitely surrender the treaty making power to another, and at the same time retain its existence as a sovereign state. 4. Union matters and non-Union matters are provided for under the Union Constitution, the First Schedule to the said Constitution, as well as legislation enacted under Article 64(4) extending to the entire Union. On the basis of the principle of duality and the fact of exclusive jurisdiction of the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar over all non-Union matters in Zanzibar, sovereignty is divisible within the United Republic. 5. S. 3 of the Tanzania Intelligence and Security Services Act defines "security" to include "subversion", and "subversion" is defined in the same Act to mean attempting to, inciting, counselling, advocating, or encouraging the overthrow by unlawful means of the Government of the United Republic of the United Republic or of the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar. 6. Subversion and treason are cognate offences as they are both about the overthrow of or the revolting against authority. They both fall securely within security, which by virtue of item 3 of the First Schedule is a Union Matter. 7. Treason is defined by article 28(4) of the Union Constitution, as the gravest offence against the United Republic. Although the article does not create an offence, it acknowledges the existence of the offence as defined by law. It is the only offence elevated so by the Constitution. The clause makes the offence of Treason a Union Matter although the offence is not contained in the First Schedule. 8. The combined effect of Article 28(4) and Article 64(5) of the Union Constitution is to repeal s.26 of the Penal Code Decree

Thread starter Lord Diplock MR
Start date May 6, 2016

Lord Diplock MR

JF-Expert Member

May 6, 2016

rolla

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May 20, 2016

D Metakelfin

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